Linux Commands References III
Apr 21, 2007
More File Utilities
cat
cat filename1
To print contents of the file.
cut
cut-f 1 index
extract column from a file. In this case we specify to extract first column from index file.
prints to standard output.
But can be redirected to some other file as shown below;
cut -f 2 index > works
doesn't alter original file, regards column as seprated by spaces.
cut -d , -f 1 index
use -d option to change delimiter to column as in above case ',' (comma).
-d ' ' = single space delimiter
cut -d ' ' -f 1-3 index
extracts three column at a time delimited by space.
paste
paste poets works
merge contents of two files on screen.
Maximum number of files that you can merge with single paste command is 12 or more depending on operating system.
contents appear on screen in orders of file specified in command & entry seprated by tab.
paste -d / chapter poets works
tells the paste command to use '/' as column seprator
paste -s chapter poets
output does not appear in column but horizontally from wach file
paste chapter poets works > file1
redirect the output of paste command to some file1 instead of standard output.
tr
(translate) does changes to several characters in large file.
tr "[:lower"] "[:upper"]
this command changes all characters in file contents from lowercase to uppercase and displays output on standard output.
tr "[:lower"] "[:upper"] <> file3
redirects output to file3 instead of standard output
tr "chapter" "page"
searches in file1 for occurrence of word "chapter" and replaces it with word "page"
but since "chapter" has more characters than "page" last three characters(ter) from 'chapter' still remain in output.
tr -d ' '
deletes space characters from file.
tr -s l <> contents.tr
replaces repeated instances of l with single instance and writes the output to file contents.tr
uniq
find repeated lines & filter them using this command
uniq written
only considers repeated lines if they are adjacent to each other
uniq -c writers
tells how much times lines appear consecutively.
uniq -u writers
tells not to print repeated lines at all to output.
so only one line of that type in whole file.
uniq -d writers
prints only repeated lines from file writers
uniq writers writers.uniq
saves output of uniq command on file writers to file writers.uniq
wc
reports number of lines, words or characters in file
wc -l file
reports number of lines
wc -w file1
reports number of words
wc -c file1
reports number of characters.
In ASCII file each character represents bytes so in ASCII files no of characters = no of bytes
wc file1
gives no of lines words and characters in file also
wc file1 file2
can use wc on more than one files
wc *
prints no of lines, words and characters in all the files of present working directory.
sort
sort filename
sorts line in file in certain order
blank lines appear first followed by
lines that start with special characters.
when first word in multiple lines are same then second word is compared and so on.
lines that begin with lower case appear after lines with upper case
sort -f filename
ignore case
sort -f -r filename
sort in reverse alphabetical order with -r option
sort +1 filename
sorts alphabetically starting from second word in every line.
first word = +0
second word = +1
third word = +2 so on
grep a * sort
returns the output from grep command in sorted order
ls -l sort +4
sorts the output from ls command based on 5 column.
cat
cat filename1
To print contents of the file.
cut
cut-f 1 index
extract column from a file. In this case we specify to extract first column from index file.
prints to standard output.
But can be redirected to some other file as shown below;
cut -f 2 index > works
doesn't alter original file, regards column as seprated by spaces.
cut -d , -f 1 index
use -d option to change delimiter to column as in above case ',' (comma).
-d ' ' = single space delimiter
cut -d ' ' -f 1-3 index
extracts three column at a time delimited by space.
paste
paste poets works
merge contents of two files on screen.
Maximum number of files that you can merge with single paste command is 12 or more depending on operating system.
contents appear on screen in orders of file specified in command & entry seprated by tab.
paste -d / chapter poets works
tells the paste command to use '/' as column seprator
paste -s chapter poets
output does not appear in column but horizontally from wach file
paste chapter poets works > file1
redirect the output of paste command to some file1 instead of standard output.
tr
(translate) does changes to several characters in large file.
tr "[:lower"] "[:upper"]
this command changes all characters in file contents from lowercase to uppercase and displays output on standard output.
tr "[:lower"] "[:upper"] <> file3
redirects output to file3 instead of standard output
tr "chapter" "page"
searches in file1 for occurrence of word "chapter" and replaces it with word "page"
but since "chapter" has more characters than "page" last three characters(ter) from 'chapter' still remain in output.
tr -d ' '
deletes space characters from file.
tr -s l <> contents.tr
replaces repeated instances of l with single instance and writes the output to file contents.tr
uniq
find repeated lines & filter them using this command
uniq written
only considers repeated lines if they are adjacent to each other
uniq -c writers
tells how much times lines appear consecutively.
uniq -u writers
tells not to print repeated lines at all to output.
so only one line of that type in whole file.
uniq -d writers
prints only repeated lines from file writers
uniq writers writers.uniq
saves output of uniq command on file writers to file writers.uniq
wc
reports number of lines, words or characters in file
wc -l file
reports number of lines
wc -w file1
reports number of words
wc -c file1
reports number of characters.
In ASCII file each character represents bytes so in ASCII files no of characters = no of bytes
wc file1
gives no of lines words and characters in file also
wc file1 file2
can use wc on more than one files
wc *
prints no of lines, words and characters in all the files of present working directory.
sort
sort filename
sorts line in file in certain order
blank lines appear first followed by
lines that start with special characters.
when first word in multiple lines are same then second word is compared and so on.
lines that begin with lower case appear after lines with upper case
sort -f filename
ignore case
sort -f -r filename
sort in reverse alphabetical order with -r option
sort +1 filename
sorts alphabetically starting from second word in every line.
first word = +0
second word = +1
third word = +2 so on
grep a * sort
returns the output from grep command in sorted order
ls -l sort +4
sorts the output from ls command based on 5 column.
Labels: Linux/Unix
posted by AP @ 10:07 AM
23 Comments:
how does viagra work mexico viagra viagra herb alternative buy viagra meds online cheapest uk supplier viagra viagra uk cheap purchase buy viagra free samples viagra generic soft tab cheap viagra walmart non prescription viagra viagra 6 free samples buying viagra online in britain 2007 viagra hmo alternative to viagra
[u][b]Xrumer[/b][/u]
[b]Xrumer SEO Professionals
As Xrumer experts, we secure been using [url=http://www.xrumer-seo.com]Xrumer[/url] quest of a sustained immediately things being what they are and recollect how to harness the titanic power of Xrumer and turn it into a Banknotes machine.
We also yield the cheapest prices on the market. Assorted competitors devise cost 2x or temperate 3x and a destiny of the continuously 5x what we pervade you. But we feel in providing enormous accommodation at a low affordable rate. The entire point of purchasing Xrumer blasts is because it is a cheaper surrogate to buying Xrumer. So we plan to abide by that thought in mind and outfit you with the cheapest censure possible.
Not only do we be suffering with the greatest prices but our turnaround time after your Xrumer posting is wonderful fast. We will secure your posting done ahead of you discern it.
We also cater you with a roundish log of loaded posts on different forums. So that you can see over the extent of yourself the power of Xrumer and how we be struck by harnessed it to help your site.[/b]
[b]Search Engine Optimization
Using Xrumer you can wish to distinguish thousands upon thousands of backlinks in behalf of your site. Tons of the forums that your Install you force be posted on bear great PageRank. Having your tie-in on these sites can really expropriate establish up some top-grade dignity help links and uncommonly aid your Alexa Rating and Google PageRank rating through the roof.
This is making your instal more and more popular. And with this inflate in popularity as well as PageRank you can keep in view to see your milieu absolutely filthy gamy in those Search Locomotive Results.
Conveyance
The amount of transportation that can be obtained before harnessing the power of Xrumer is enormous. You are publishing your plat to tens of thousands of forums. With our higher packages you may equivalent be publishing your locality to HUNDREDS of THOUSANDS of forums. Ponder 1 brief on a popular forum last will and testament by enter 1000 or so views, with announce ' 100 of those people visiting your site. At once devise tens of thousands of posts on celebrated forums all getting 1000 views each. Your see trade will associate because of the roof.
These are all targeted visitors that are interested or exotic about your site. Envision how divers sales or leads you can execute with this colossal figure up of targeted visitors. You are line for line stumbling upon a goldmine friendly to be picked and profited from.
Keep in mind, Traffic is Money.
[/b]
BECOME ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT YOUR TWOPENNY BLAST TODAY:
http://www.xrumer-seo.com
Technology really has become completely integrated to our existence, and I can say with 99% certainty that we have passed the point of no return in our relationship with technology.
I don't mean this in a bad way, of course! Ethical concerns aside... I just hope that as technology further develops, the possibility of transferring our memories onto a digital medium becomes a true reality. It's one of the things I really wish I could experience in my lifetime.
(Posted on Nintendo DS running [url=http://quizilla.teennick.com/stories/16129580/does-the-r4-or-r4i-work-with-the-new-ds]R4i[/url] DS SerVo)
ok that's fine, i just made even more fresh emo backgrounds at my blog
http://www.emo-backgrounds.info
Infatuation casinos? go over this culmination [url=http://www.realcazinoz.com]casino[/url] commander and wing it denigrate online casino games like slots, blackjack, roulette, baccarat and more at www.realcazinoz.com .
you can also juncture insensible a result in minus from our additional [url=http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com]casino[/url] veer at http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com and accomplish corporeal bucks !
another distinguishable [url=http://www.ttittancasino.com]casino spiele[/url] locality is www.ttittancasino.com , because german gamblers, submit c be communicated sooner than magnanimous online casino bonus.
control olden hat this gratis [url=http://www.casinoapart.com]casino[/url] hand-out at the greatest [url=http://www.casinoapart.com]online casino[/url] train with 10's of well-versed [url=http://www.casinoapart.com]online casinos[/url]. actions [url=http://www.casinoapart.com/articles/play-roulette.html]roulette[/url], [url=http://www.casinoapart.com/articles/play-slots.html]slots[/url] and [url=http://www.casinoapart.com/articles/play-baccarat.html]baccarat[/url] at this [url=http://www.casinoapart.com/articles/no-deposit-casinos.html]no debauch casino[/url] , www.casinoapart.com
the finest [url=http://de.casinoapart.com]casino[/url] with a position UK, german and all as a siesta the world. so inasmuch as the cork [url=http://es.casinoapart.com]casino en linea[/url] corroborate us now.
Making money on the internet is easy in the hush-hush world of [URL=http://www.www.blackhatmoneymaker.com]blackhat affiliate[/URL], You are far from alone if you haven’t heard of it before. Blackhat marketing uses little-known or little-understood avenues to build an income online.
[url=http://www.drawingboard.org/blogs/?u=videoseangelle8]Universal Video converter 6.0.2[/url] [url=http://community.freeskier.com/profiles/profile.php?user_id=27370]Torrent RM Splitter[/url]
Extra Video Converter 1.0.0.1 Atific Video Collection
http://community.freeskier.com/profiles/profile.php?user_id=27273 VideoGlue
[url=http://www.answerbag.com/profile/1237026]Aglare Video to 3GP Converter[/url] [url=http://www.pinskerdream.com/bloghoster/?u=videosealfreda8]Easy CD and DVD Cover Creator 4.13[/url]
Capturix Video Capturix 7.08.905 Flvjukebox
http://blog.bakililar.az/videosealicia7/ ATP Player
Good Ok DVD Ripper Gold 4.5
my icq:858499940385
What’s Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I've found It positively
useful and it has aided me out loads. I hope to contribute & aid other users like its
aided me. Great job.
Take a look at my web site :: http://www.spaingolf.us/
advertising
Also see my webpage: http://doloresproperty.com
I beloved up to you will receive performed
proper here. The comic strip is tasteful, your authored material
stylish. however, you command get got an shakiness
over that you wish be delivering the following.
sick indisputably come more until now again
as exactly the similar just about very ceaselessly inside case
you defend this hike.
Look at my website ... http://www.illegalpropertyspain.com/
Have you ever considered about adding a little bit
more than just your articles? I mean, what you say
is fundamental and everything. Nevertheless
imagine if you added some great graphics or videos to give your posts more,
"pop"! Your content is excellent but with pics and videos, this site could
certainly be one of the most beneficial in its niche.
Great blog!
Feel free to surf my blog : decodes
Appreciating the dedication you put into your
blog and in depth information you offer. It's good to come
across a blog every once in a while that isn't the same old rehashed
information. Great read! I've saved your site and I'm adding your
RSS feeds to my Google account.
My weblog :: illegalvillasspain.com
Hello! Do you use Twitter? I'd like to follow you if that would be
ok. I'm absolutely enjoying your blog and look forward to new posts.
My web blog :: kseven.kanakuk.com
The other day, while I was at work, my cousin stole my
apple ipad and tested to
see if it can survive a twenty five foot drop, just so she can be
a youtube sensation. My iPad is now broken and she has 83 views.
I know this is entirely off topic but I
had to share it with someone!
Also visit my site :: fishingspain.net
obviously like your website however you need to
check the spelling on quite a few of your
posts. Many of them are rife with
spelling issues and I in finding it very bothersome to inform the
truth nevertheless I’ll definitely come
back again.
Have a look at my site - http://www.alicanteproperty.net/alicante-costa-blanca-life-in-spain-expat-forums.html
Hi there would you mind letting me know which web host you're
utilizing? I've loaded your blog in 3 different internet browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot quicker then most.
Can you suggest a good
hosting provider at a honest price? Thanks a lot, I appreciate it!
Look at my web-site http://meanqueen-lifeaftermoney.blogspot.fr/2011/05/success-in-oban.html
Hi, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar
one and i was just
wondering if you get a lot of spam responses? If so how do you
protect against it, any plugin or anything you can recommend?
I get so much lately it's driving me crazy so any help is very much appreciated.
Feel free to visit my homepage ... www.ev-dragon.com
Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your content seem to be running
off the screen in Firefox. I'm not sure if this is a
formatting issue or something to do with browser compatibility but I thought I'd post to
let you know. The design and style look great though!
Hope you get
the problem fixed soon. Kudos
Also visit my web-site ... http://Www.Diysolarheatingspain.com/diy-solar-swimming-pool-heating-plans-instructions.html
Thanks , I have recently been looking for info
about this topic for ages and yours is the best I have came
upon so far. But, what about the bottom
line? Are you sure in regards to the supply?
Stop by my web blog - www.fishingspain.net
I used to be recommended this blog through my cousin.
I'm not positive whether this publish is
written by way of him as nobody else understand
such particular
approximately my difficulty. You're wonderful!
Thank you!
Also visit my website ; www.elcheproperty.net
Aw, this was a really nice post. In idea I wish to put
in writing
like this additionally - taking time and precise effort to make a very good article…
but what can I say… I procrastinate alot and by no means seem to get something done.
My page ... spain v ireland euro 2012 espn
[url=http://www.onlinecasinos.gd]Online casinos[/url], also known as inconstant casinos or Internet casinos, are online versions of common ("chunk and mortar") casinos. Online casinos sponsorship gamblers to dissemble and wager on casino games in the vicinity the Internet.
Online casinos superficially submit on the customer grisly odds and payback percentages that are comparable to land-based casinos. Some online casinos upon higher payback percentages with a conclusion unawareness side games, and some tip special-interest group payout bulk audits on their websites. Assuming that the online casino is using an correctly programmed indefinitely lodgings generator, proffer games like blackjack cry out for an established congress edge. The payout match underneath the aegis despite these games are established at knee-jerk the rules of the game.
Uncountable online casinos equip minus or mesmerize their software from companies like Microgaming, Realtime Gaming, Playtech, Cosmopolitan Skilfulness Technology and CryptoLogic Inc.
Post a Comment
Subscribe to Post Comments [Atom]
<< Home